There is controversy regarding whether the US can immediately withdraw from the WHO. Here is the answer.
The answer is YES, unless Congress acts to require its ratification of the process. The President can certainly stop his executive agencies from interacting with the WHO immediately.
For the US, withdrawal can be accomplished either by invoking the reservation the US added when it joined the WHO by signing its Constitution in 1946, or by citing provisions in the Vienna Convention on Treaties.
a) Using the reservation requires a year’s notice, which Trump already gave, and paying up our dues. Professor Boyle and I believe this would allow an immediate departure. This reservation language could be found on the State Department website, and I believe I have previously provided a link to it, but today it is difficult to find there, as the site is in flux. I could not find it on the WHO website either. But a wonderful colleague found it in the US Code:
https://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=62&page=441#

However, the Congressional Research Service studied the issue of the mechanics of leaving the WHO when Trump gave notice to the WHO in July 2020. You can read the entire report, or the relevant section below.



b) Alternatively, the US could leave by citing the Vienna Convention, from which I have screenshot the relevant 2 provisions, in the article below, which I wrote in late 2023. There is no particular time limit, nor are there other requirements to be met if the United States uses this process.
Many have asked us how their nation could exit the WHO. It turns out the WHO Constitution has no provisions to get out. But our international legal consultant has identified two ways to do it.
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November 25, 2023
