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  2. Film of "Degenerate Art" Exhibition Experiencing History Holocaust Sources in Context
    https://perspectives.ushmm.org/item/film-of-degenerate-art-exhibition

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    Fascism Comes to America
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR
    HISTORY, CULTURE AND MODERNITY
    Uopen Journals
    Bruce Kuklick

    Zuckerberg, M. (2018b) Preparing the ways for more eElections

    Everyday Encounters with Fascism
    The appearing during World War I, fascist political parties spread throughout Europe during the years before World War II

    The ideas and symbols of fascism also become part of citizens' physical and emotional experiences of everyday life. These encounters change how they interacted with their environment and one another. Public spaces bare the flags and slogans of ruling parties, products feature images of party leaders, local clubs and associations posting signs banning Jews and other so-called "enemies." Whole communities become involved in the harassment of those who violated new social and political norms.

    EEverywhere that they appear, fascists sought popular support by encouraging fear, promoting violence, and threatening foreign powers. Fascist leaders also address the day-to-day concerns of many citizens in response to economic upheavals and political conflicts after World War I. Fascists encourage a sense of crisis, but they also offer a hopeful vision of economic prosperity, stability, and national glory. In Great Britain, the British Union of Fascists speak to the concerns of farmers affected by the Great Depression in the 1920s. In occupied Yugoslavia, Serbian collaborators present the lives of Serbian laborers as comfortable and carefree in the German capital of Berlin. The Nazi Party and other fascist movements glorify youth and masculinity through large rallies, parades and demonstrations. Young men and boys recruited to youth movements whose activities center on military drills and political education. Parades draw ordinary citizens into public performances of fascism. These displays intend to encourage feelings of national strength and unity.

    Fascist regimes also promote discrimination, antisemitism, and the persecution of minorities to mark who belongs and who’s excluded from the so-called "national community." Both public and private spaces offer opportunities to attack supposed enemies. Museums hold exhibitions to teach citizens about art deemed "degenerate" by the Nazi state. Party offices and institutions spring up in places and neighborhoods that are known for their diversity and inclusivity. Even children's literature transmits Nazi values. The popular book The Poisonous Mushroom teaches youth about Nazi racial ideas. It transforms into a popular exhibition. In Germany and Austria, people encounter boycotts of Jewish shops and the passage of racist legislation bans Jews from public spaces. The closing of institutionsfavored by supposed "social enemies" forces people to negotiate a world shaped by fascist politics. Defiance of such laws often results in public humiliations, imprisonment, and death.

    Encounters with fascist ideologies disrupts daily life. People across Europe navigate a world in which fascist ideals appear in their day-to-day lives. The items capture ordinary people's interactions with fascism in various contexts in Nazi Germany and other countries under fascist influence. These sources illustrate some of the traits and principles of fascism. They also highlight the different roles and choices of people living in the extreme social, political, and cultural conditions that became everyday reality under fascist regimes.

    Items in your Everyday Encounters with Fascism

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